Organic farming is regulated by standards, agroecology transforms from a scientific, practical and social perspective, let’s define each of the concepts:
Organic farming
Organic farming, also known as organic, is an agricultural production system that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Organic farming is, in essence, a regulated and certified practice that focuses on sustainable farming methods. It does not take into account fair social or economic aspects.
Agroecology
Agroecology goes beyond being a production system: it is a comprehensive approach that combines science, agricultural practice and social movement. It is based on ecological principles to design agricultural systems that are sustainable and fair. Its main characteristics are:
- Ecological principles: It integrates biodiversity, nutrient recycling, water management and soil regeneration.
- Holistic perspective: It considers social, economic and cultural aspects, seeking to benefit both the environment and local communities.
- Innovation and traditional knowledge: Combines scientific advances with peasant knowledge.
- Social justice: Seeks to transform food systems, promoting equity and food sovereignty.
Agroecology not only focuses on producing sustainably, but also on changing the power dynamics within global food systems.
Key differences between organic farming and agroecology
| Aspect | Organic farmin | Agroecology |
| Approach | Specific and certified agricultural practices. | A systemic approach that includes science, practice and social movement. |
| Regulation | It is regulated by official regulations and certifications. | It does not require certification; it is an approach adapted to each context. |
| Purpose | Produce environmentally friendly food. | Redesign the entire agricultural system to be ecological, sustainable and socially fair. |
| Techniques | Use of natural inputs and traditional methods. | Integrates ecological techniques and socioeconomic dynamics. |
| Scale | Focused mainly on the farm or individual production | Addresses agricultural systems at local, regional and global levels. |
| Social impact | Prioritises environmental and food health | It encompasses social justice, food sovereignty and equity. |
Summary
Organic farming focuses on producing food in a “sustainable” way and is regulated by standards that guarantee its practice. Agroecology, on the other hand, has a broader scope and focuses on transforming agricultural and food systems from a scientific, practical and social perspective. At Fil de Bosc, we implement agroecology in all the processes we carry out. Take a look at our work here.
In simple terms:
- Organic farming is “the how” of producing food without harming the environment.
- Agroecology is “the why” and “for what” of transforming agriculture, including the social and cultural dimension.
Agroecology not only promotes a method of farming that is respectful of nature, but also fosters a harmonious relationship between people and their environment.
If you want to find out more about this, the Spanish Society of Organic Agriculture/Agroecology has a lot of information on its website, and if you are from the Balearic Islands we have APAEMA, Associació de la Producció Agrària Ecològica de Mallorca, which has fantastic professionals and a lot of very interesting courses.
Do you know of any other associations that promote agroecology and hold workshops in your area? Write to us in the comments and we can network.
I always use the same example;
What is the point of buying organic blueberries from Chile if the carbon footprint they produce is huge? In this case, it is better to buy conventional ones, but local ones.
Always buy local products!
